Reasons vs. Causes :: essays research papers

Reasons vs. Causes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons tell us why we ought to believe (do) something. Causes tell us why we in fact do believe (do something). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons are normative, causes are factual. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons justify, causes explain. (Caution: the terms here are imprecise, and we use terms such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"explanationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reasonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in different ways than just outlined.) Example. Suppose I say: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I believe that there are no triangles.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? You say à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Why do you believe that?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? You can be either asking for the cause of my belief or (more likely in this case) for my reasons for believing it. Suppose that you are interested in the explanation of why (as a matter of fact) I hold the belief. I may tell you (truthfully) that I hold this belief because my father told me so (perhaps kept saying so), so I kind of have come to hold the belief by default, as it were. In doing so I make no pretense to argue that this is a reason à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" I may in fact believe that my father holds many false beliefs. I am only claiming that as a matter of fact this is how I came to believe that there are no triangles. Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve told you what the cause is, not what my reasons are. Suppose that you are interested in the justification of my belief. You want to know why a(ny) rational person should think that there are no triangles. Prima facie, you might add, there are reasons to believe quite the contrary. Look around you à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" there are triangles everywhere. And, you might cinch your argument by drawing one like that: There is at least one triangle. This one (you point). And you can draw others . . . So, triangles exist! (Here is what I will say to you and what I will say to you will provide a reason for my believing that there are no triangles:) The problem is that no matter how perfect your triangle might appear, it never will conform to the standards of geometrical definition of a triangle. The sides of this triangle are not fragments of a straight line (if you look closely, the segments will turn out not to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“straightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? at all but rugged. No matter how precise your instruments will be, when you get further and furthe r down to the atomic level, you will have swarming electrons not straight lines! And if you sum the angles, they are not going to be exactly 180 °.

Hedda Gabler Essay

Throughout the years people have developed an image of how a particular gender should act. In the play Hedda Gabler, the characters that are involved challenge and conform the gender stereotypes through verbal and non-verbal text. The author â€Å"Henrik Ibsen† has displayed characters such as Hedda Gabler and Julianne Tesman to challenge their stereotypical gender behaviors. Hedda Gabler, the play’s main character, challenges the common gender stereotype of a woman by portraying Gabbler as a person who has a thirst for being free. Gablers father, General Gabler is one of the main influences of her behavior challenging her feminine role. An example is ‘Tesman- â€Å"My old morning shoes, my slippers look! †¦ I missed them dreadfully. Now you should see them†. Hedda- â€Å"No thanks, it really doesn’t interest me†. This portrays Gabler showing no affection to Jorgen Tesman’s slippers. The way Hedda is not interested in Tesman’s slippers shows her little care for affection towards Tesman. This challenges the common gender stereotype because women are stereotyped to be affectionate and sensitive. Hedda Gabler is furthered portrayed by having masculine traits by non-verbal aspects of her character by having a pistol, Hedda-â€Å"[lifting the pistol and aiming] I’m going to shoot you, sir!† Brack- â€Å"No, no, no! Don’t stand there aiming that at me.† This quote represents the gun symbolically representing her masculinity and at this point, Hedda using it empowers her and used to gain some sought of power over Brack. The gun seen as a non verbal aspect of the play clearly representing Hedda Gabbler in a masculine way challenging the common stereotype of her gender. The gun, a phallic symbol, is Hedda projecting her masculinity. The way she always shows the gun, aiming it at Brack and talking about the gun to Tesman alarming him. Brack towards the end of the play blackmails Hedda about the death of lovburg and to avoid he being publically disgraced must tend to the will of Brack, â€Å"Brack-â€Å" Willingly every single evening, Miss Tesman. We shall have a very pleasant time here you and I† Hedda – â€Å"Yes that is what you are looking forward to isn’t, Mr. Brack? You as the only cock in the yard.† Hedda then kills herself representing her making sure Brack does not get the upper hand over her and gets the ultimate freedom from men trying to dominate her. Hedda Gabler also shown to hate thought of pregnancy rejecting the common gender stereotype. This is shown through a conversation between Julie Tesman and Hedda Gabler: Tesman – â€Å"Yes but have you noticed how plumped she’s grown, and how well she is? †¦ How much she has filled out on her travels?† Hedda – â€Å"I’m exactly the same as I was when I went away.† This quote represents that Hedda resents the idea of her being pregnant and will avoid the topic completely. Through this Hedda further rebels against her gender stereotype by not wanting to have kids which all women at that time where expected to have. She further rebels against this concept by ultimately her death by suicide. Through killing herself it shows the ultimate rejection of society’s expectation for a female and projects Hedda’s resent to conform. Julie Tesman is a character in the play that conforms to the female gender stereotype. Julie Tesman portrays this in the paly by constantly asking Tesman if Hedda is pregnant â€Å"Yes but have you noticed how plumped she’s grown, and how well she is? †¦ How much she has filled out on her travels?† which is important because she believes she should be. The fact that Julie Tesman serves Jorgen Tesman implements that she works for men a common female gender stereotype that women work for men. The fact that Julie Tesman will sacrifice everything for Jorgen shows her as mother figure toward Jorgen. Julie is seen as a mother figure, which shows that she is conforming to a female gender stereotype. In the play Hedda gabbler the author has created characters that challenge and conform to the common gender stereotypes. Hedda gabbler through being portrayed as masculine and always not wanting to be controlled sows how she challenges the female gender stereotype. Julie Tesman portrayed as a caring, old mother figure conforms to a female gender stereotype because of her show of affection, fragility and seen as a mother figure. Through the use of verbal and non-verbal aspects the author has projected these two characters to conform and the other to rebel against the common gender stereotype.

Leadership and Management Style of Steve Jobs - 3141 Words

1. Executive Summary This Report evaluates the leadership and management style of Steve Jobs, the former CEO of Apple who is also recognised for his other successful business ventures. Secondary data will be explored to determine what kind of leader Jobs was, what leadership characteristics he possessed and if his style was effective in driving Apple forward. The future of Apple without Jobs will also be considered Findings from this report suggest that Jobs is an unconventional, complex leader who can relate to many leadership theories. His traits and skills allowed him to be a successful leader, traits such as great self-confidence and skills such as fantastic conceptual skills, but his leadership flaws are also evident. However, Jobs strong qualities overpowered these flaws, making them irrelevant to his leadership style; he did not require them to be successful. Findings also suggest that Jobs leadership could be taken too far but Apple may struggle to cope in the future without his innovative vision. 2. Introduction Apple is one of the most influential, successful companies in the world and was established by Steve Jobs in April, 1976 (OGrady, 2009). After building this company, Jobs was ousted in 1985 due to losing a power struggle with the board and then re-joined in 1997 when Apple was in trouble (Isaacson, 2012). Jobs produced wonderful products such as the IPod, IPad and ITunes, and was responsible for other business ventures such asShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs as a Visionary and Transformational Leader1165 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Steve Jobs unique approach to leadership and visionary approach to creating, producing and selling innovative products, combined with his innate ability to orchestrate increasingly complex companies have earned him many accolades. Fortune Magazine named him the best leader of the Decade and countless other publications, colleges and universities have given him many accolades and honorary degrees. All these external measures of success reflect who Steve Jobs is on a daily basis,Read MoreAutocratic Leadership2056 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Leadership and Steve Jobs Wuleymatu Brimah Haohui Guan Woongki Hong Jin Nelsy Sanchez Management 3120 December 1st, 2014 Autocratic Leadership Leadership is the process of inspiring others to work hard and accomplish important goals, (Schermerhorn, 258). When we refer to a leader, we do not only look at the aspects in which he inspires others. We also focus on the capacity of the leader to have a vision. This concept is better known as visionary leadership. Visionary leadership is whatRead MoreSteve Jobs1617 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The leadership plays a vital role in the success of any organization. In the telecom industry, leadership plays a vital role for transformation and trust among the customers and the company (Dowling, S. 2010). The main role is the leadership styles of various leaders in the mobile industry. This paper discusses and analyses the leadership style of Steve Jobs at Apple Incl. Apple is known for high innovation and employee satisfaction. The company is main contributor to the design aspectRead MoreSteve Jobs Leadership Style Before Reading The Article1292 Words   |  6 PagesHow would I have described Steve Jobs’ Leadership style before reading the article? I have to say that I did not know much about Steve Jobs before I read the article; however, I do know that when he had an idea he took it and he developed it to its full potential. He s been hailed as a genius and the greatest CEO of his generation. I have heard that he was a high-maintenance supervisor who demanded excellence from his staff and was known for his blunt delivery of criticism. He was a very talentedRead MoreLeadership Style and Their Effects on Ceos812 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOs Leadership Style and Their Effect on CEOs LaKisha Feggins November 21, 2012 Leadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOs Abstract The purpose of this essay is to analyze, compare, and contrast the leadership styles of two influential CEOs. I have collected information from many internet sources that elaborate on the life, achievements, and misfortunes of Jack Welch and Steve Jobs, and how they overcame their obstacles to become the best CEOsRead MoreLeadership Is An Efficient Process899 Words   |  4 PagesLEADERSHIP Leadership is an efficient process in which a person supports and guides to others to achieve the combined goals and tasks. TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLES There are many types of leadership like Autocratic leadership; in this a leader has the complete authority and control of decision making. Bureaucratic leadership; flexibility exists in this type of leadership, in such style every follower has his voice that is to be listen, authority is divided. Charismatic leadership; in this type leaderRead MoreSteve Jobs : Visionary Leader1406 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Jobs: Visionary Leader According to the Oxford Dictionary, leadership is defined as â€Å"The action of leading a group of people or an organization†. (Oxford University Press, 2016) Over the decade’s leadership has come to mean much more than its simple definition. There are many books, blog posts and theories discussing leadership along with methods on how to be an effective leader. With so many theories and methods how is one to know what works for them? Is a leadership method something weRead MoreWorld Leaders1410 Words   |  6 PagesGreat World Leaders Melissa Edwards MGT 380 Leadership for Organizations January 6, 2012 Great World Leaders When I think of great world leaders, certain characteristics and traits come to mind. For someone to be considered a great world leader, they need to have done something special, something that changed society in a major way. Great leaders are not afraid of change or being shunned by society. When I think of great world leaders, I think of Steve Jobs, Apple, CEO because he was passionate aboutRead Moresteve jobs leadership style Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pages Steve Job’s Leadership Style. Hoang Vu Dang Ha Bristol University Steve Job’s Leadership Style. Leadership style is a leaders style of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. There are many different leadership styles such as leaders in the political, business or other fields. Steve Jobs (24th February, 1955 – 5th October, 2011) is one of the most remarkable leadership people in modern history and he is well-known as the co-founderRead MoreLeadership : The Steve Jobs Case Study1549 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership: The Steve Jobs Case study During his life, Steve Jobs was one of the most innovative and influential leaders of his time. It could be said that he occupies one part of the continuum as a transformational leader who demonstrates the qualities of a transformational leader. Jobs used the corrective transactions of a transactional leader, such as harsh criticism (which can be seen as punishment) when a staff did not meet his expectations. Just like a transformational leader, he paid attention

What Are Philosophy and Islamic Philosophy - 824 Words

This paper is designed about the discussion on what is philosophy and what is Islamic philosophy and philosophy itself. In first discussion is explain about the philosophy and the second discussion is discuss about the Islamic Philosophy. Generally, philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason and so forth. First and foremost, the term of philosophy is derived from combination two Greek words which is ‘Philos’ and ‘Sophia’ which means ‘love or pursuit’ and ‘wisdom or knowledge or hikmah’, so it is called as ‘love of knowledge’. Those who love of wisdom known as philosopher. The consideration of philosopher is always seeking the wisdom or truth without any prejudice. Wisdom also can be regarded as full of beneficial knowledge without any injustice and it had been mentioned many ways in the Quran verses, one of them from the verses 31:12 â€Å"We bestowed (in the past) Wisdom on Luqman: Show (thy) gratitude to Allah. Any who is (so) grateful does so to the profit of his own soul: but if any is ungrateful, verily Allah is free of all wants, Worthy of all praise.† Generally, the classification philosophy is discussed about metaphysic, epistemology, logic, ethic and aesthetics. It all about nature of things and the mother of knowledge (matter scientiarum). Actually, metaphysic derived from Greek word which â€Å"meta† means â€Å"after†, so â€Å"metaphysic† mean â€Å"after physic†. Metaphysic is the study ofShow MoreRelatedThe Intellectual Rise of Islam959 Words   |  4 PagesIntellectual Rise of Islam The Islamic Golden age provided the Abbasid Caliphate with an immense amount of political power and influence. The empire controlled lands from West Africa to parts of current day Iran and the new capital, Baghdad, quickly developed to into a large and advanced city . With control over previous Greek, Egyptian, and Persian lands, the locality of the empire set base for the academic, philosophical and medicinal advancement that define the Islamic Golden Age. Several schoolsRead MoreReligious Worksheet.1034 Words   |  5 Pageswhich, other concepts arise from this basic concept. This God has the right to be worshiped since there is only one God. No statues, idols, or deities. 3. Describe the practices of Islam. The description to the practices of Islam is made up of what is called the Five Pillars. One of the practices is the Profession of Faith where they pledge that there is only one God (Meaning of Islam). Prayers is another pillar that Muslims pray five times a day facing toward the House of God. At that time theyRead MoreUniversity of Phoenix: Islam Worksheet1148 Words   |  5 Pagesbranches: Shiite Islam, Sunni Islam, and Sufism. Write a 1- to 2-paragraph response for each of the following directives and note where there are differences among the three branches of Islam. Explain the meaning of the name, Islam. The Islamic religion is a Middle Eastern, Arabic Peninsula, based religion that originated right around the 7th c. and is based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. The definition of the word Islam means submission in Arabic, and connotes the notion ofRead MoreThe Restoration Of Grecian Philosophical Documents1161 Words   |  5 PagesImportant Islamic Contribution to Western Civilization Islamic preservation and translation of the Greek philosophical works of Aristotle, and Plato contributed to the flourishing of Western civilization. Under the direction of Islamic cultural patrons, they translated these vital texts from Greek into other languages. Such actions were significantly contributive to the revival and transmission of these pieces, bringing about their subsequent spread throughout Europe. Centuries of Islamic scholarshipRead MoreThe United States And The War On Terror1130 Words   |  5 Pagesenemies? If this is the case, what can we do to stop this? From the ashes of World War 2, the United States emerged as one of 2 global super powers. Russia, then known as The USSR and The United States engaged in a series of proxy wars across multiple continents known as The Cold War. During this time the United States foreign policy began to focus more on the protection of American global interests, this being a far cry from the previous generally isolationist philosophy the country had taken inRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Orientalism And Orientianism1215 Words   |  5 Pagesroute to create and maintain, the way they implemented the predominant cultures and religions was a rudimentary hack job that destroyed all subtlety to how India previously operated. Another damaging mistake Britain made was that these competing philosophies were given equal weight in Britain’s ruling methodology. So not only was Orientalism sectionalizing ethnic groups, it was also competing against Liberalism in an intellectual debate on the b est method of rule, further sapping from the power BritainRead MoreCC of Cultural and Intellectual Tradition of The M.E. (600-1450 CE)766 Words   |  4 PagesChristian and Jewish traditions, the nomadic peoples of the Arabian Peninsula joined forces to form the Dar-ar-Islam. Used to unite the Middle Eastern Empire, Islam – founded by the prophet Muhammad in 610 CE – created a stable civilization based on Islamic views and teachings for its individuals. In the Middle East during the time of 600 CE to 1450 CE, the religion of Islam stayed unchanged, while the influences of different cultures altered the traditions of the society as well as the women’s rightsRead MorePlato And His Influences On Plato s Philosophy1370 Words   |  6 Pages347, both of his parents are from Greek aristocracy. He is the founder of the Academy, the first institution in the Western world and best known for his works of unparalleled influence. Plato is considered to have laid the found ation of Western philosophy and science. He was a teacher of Aristotle, his most famous student and Plato was influenced by many philosophers, named Socrates, Parmenides, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, although he was a student of Socrates. Each philosopher had their own impact onRead MorePlato’s View of Division of Labor in Plato’s Republic Essay994 Words   |  4 Pagesof wisdom and knowledge. Thirdly, their disapproving of being a king comes from their fear of being unjust (Nussbaum, 1998).Not only these evidence does Plato claim, but he also adds the characteristics of being a king and the education system of philosophy. First of all, people should be able to differentiate between the philosophers who are true and those who are false. At the first, Plato’s concept of philosopher was the wisdom lover then he proceeded to identify a true philosopher as the manRead MoreComparing Different Worldviews And Their Effect On Society1216 Words   |  5 Pageseffect on society, it is important for us to understand what we are studying. What is a worldview? A worldview can be defined by many different definitions. But broadly, it is a way through which you see and interpret the world and the things around you. It is a mental mode of reality from which we develop ideas and theories about the world. It answers questions: What are humans? Why are we here? What is our purpose? What are your values? What can we know with certainty? Does reality include only matter

Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research Essay - 1359 Words

Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research With the advent of a wide variety of scientific advances in the medical field, especially those improvements in health-related fields, the quality of life for the earth’s inhabitants has improved greatly over the past century. Scientists continue to improve upon current knowledge and expand the field of medicine. Over the past few years, scientists have performed significant research pertaining to the study of stem cells. Many researchers see potential in the manipulation of stem cells - possible treatments for currently incurable diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s (Goldstein). With these new discoveries, though, questions as to the morality of such practices arise. While few find an†¦show more content†¦Adult stem cells, like embryonic stem cells, have the ability to differentiate into several more specialized cell types, but the potential number of cell types is far smaller than that of an embryonic stem cell. Embryonic stem cells, by nature, eventually turn into every type of cell in the body, whereas adult stem cells will only turn into a few cell types. For example, a blood stem cell, one type of adult stem cell, will eventually turn into one of eight types of specialized blood cells (Jordan 116.3). Both types of stem cells allow researchers to easily perform a variety of experiments with DNA, mutations, and so forth, without harming any full grown human beings (Jordan 116-1). Since adult stem cells come from a wide variety of tissues in the human body - pancreas, brain, fat, skin, umbilical cord, placenta - they can be successfully harvested without causing any harm to the patient (Weise 78). On the other hand, embryonic stem cells, by definition, come from a four or five day-old developing embryo. Not only does the harvesting of embryonic stem cells without permission from the embryo blatantly violate the Nuremberg Code, which dictates guidelines for scientific research on human beings, but the extraction of such cells results in the destruction of the embryo (Weise 42-43). Because of the nature of embryonic stem cells - their ability to eventually turn into any type of cell inShow MoreRelatedEmbryonic And Adult Stem Cell Research Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pages but he is unaware that the type of sickle cell disease from which he is suffering can be cured using stem cells. Scientists have recorded two types of stem cells – embryonic and adult. Stem cells can be retrieved not only from embryos, but also umbilical cords, the placenta, amniotic fluid, and adult tissues and organs (â€Å"Stem Cells,† 2011, p.12). Stem cell research is only a small part of a much larger field of regenerative medicine that includes cell-based therapies, gene technology, and tissueRead MoreEmbryonic And Adult Stem Cell Research2165 Words   |  9 Pagesthe discovery of stem cells in the 19th Century. Stem cells have the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). According to the National Institutes of Health, embryonic stem cells derive from four to five day old embryos, also known as blastocyst, that have been fertilized in vitro and donated to research purposes with informed consent from the donors. Adult embryonic stem cells are found in differentiatedRead MoreAdult Stem Cells Vs. Embryonic Stem Cell Research1108 Words   |  5 Pages4/4/16 Adult Stem Cells vs. Embryonic Stem Cells â€Å"The unspecialized cells are differentiated cells created are known as stem cells† (Miller Ph.D., Levine Ph.D., 2012). Embryonic and Adult stem cells are the only types of stem cells. Stem cell research shows a good deal of promise in the aiding of curing diseases. Both embryonic and adult stem cells show promise in curing diseases, but it is unclear which type of stem cell is more effective. The human embryo for embryonic stem cell research requiresRead More Embryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research    Why is the mainstream media significantly downplaying exciting scientific discoveries with adult stem cells? This essay hopes to adequately answer that question. Heres the scoop: As originally reported late last year in the medical journal Blood, Dr. Catherine M. Verfaillie and other researchers at the Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, have discovered a way to coax an adult cell found in the bone marrow to exhibit many of the attributesRead MoreEmbryonic Of Stem Cell Research Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Francois Rabelais, the famous Renaissance humanist, once said, â€Å"Science without conscience is the death of the soul† (Rabelais, Francois). Since the late 1960’s, this has been the stance for opponents of embryonic stem cell research. This is saying, if we are willing to take a fertilized embryo and kill it before it has even had time to develop, where is our conscience, our heart? We consider this form of stem cell research to be immoral and unethical. ScientistsRead MoreIs Stem Cell Research Ethical?1252 Words   |  6 Pages Is Stem Cell Research Ethical? The question that has been asked so many times, is stem cell research ethical? To argue ethics over this topic, one must first know what a stem cell is.Stem Cells are â€Å"cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells† (Stem Cell Basics: Introduction). The National Institutes of Health say that stem cells are distinguished for two different reasons. The first is â€Å"they are unspecialized cells capable of renewingRead MoreBiomedical Engineering: Stem Cells Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesadvances and research that stem from biomedical engineers can solve problems that would have never have been able to be solved before. Engineers have been working on new technology that will utilize stem cells in order to save lives and treat diseases. The stem cells that are used for treatment are called embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are formed from five-day old human embryos that the embryos are essentially hum an beings (In Stem-cell Research† Para. 3). The usage of such stem cells has causedRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells: The Cure for Uncontrollable Diseases of the Past1246 Words   |  5 PagesGehrig’s disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, Alzheimer’s. This world is plague by countless diseases and there existed a time where, after many failed research attempts, scientists began to believe that people would always suffer from these diseases. However, with the introduction of stem cell research those past notions were dismissed. Upon their introduction, stem cell’s provided a new hope to the world and it proved itself to be an invaluable asset. Through stem cell research, a multitude of cures haveRead More Stem Cell Research Essay example988 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cell Research Stem cells are a large focus of study in todays biomedical world. Stem cell research offers the hope of transplants being done without the sacrifice of another person losing an organ. There are many different pros and cons when it comes to discussing the use of stem cells. In order to develop an opinion of whether or not stem cells should be used, one must first understand what they are and how they are used. ?Stem cells have the remarkable potential to developRead MoreStem Cells And Stem Cell Research1477 Words   |  6 Pagessociety is that of stem cells. Stem cells are the cells in the early human developmental stage that form to be any type of cell. Not only do these cells have the ability to transform, but they also act as the body’s repair system. With this knowledge, the scientific community has used these traits to help cure diseases and even save lives. However, there is a problem using stem cells for research. There are two kinds of stem cells that exist, Somatic stem cells and embryonic stem cells. The first

Substance Abuse Paper free essay sample

Substance abuse is the abuse of drugs or alcohol for a long period of time. When someone is affected by substance abuse they don’t know how to conduct themselves in public. In America, the most widely used drug is Alcohol. Most people have an experience with alcohol earlier than the age of 13. Alcohol and drugs also affect students in college. 28 percent of college dropouts are alcohol users. Marijuana and prescribed drugs are commonly abused by college students. The abuse of drugs has a terrible effect on college students psychologically and physically. The psychologically effect drugs has on a person tends to be permanent. The main signs of psychological effects of drugs in college students are depression, anxiety and paranoia. With most students the use of a drug increases the tolerance for the drug and it takes larger amounts to get high. When the high is not achievable it can lead to depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Substance Abuse Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Drugs also make students paranoid. The excessive use of marijuana and cocaine can lead make one paranoid. And anxiety occurs when the drug users becomes unable to focus on a task or responsibility for too long without getting distracted. This is also the reason people lose their jobs because of the lack of focus in the work place. The physically effects of drugs are worst because people notice them right away. The most common physical change you notice when someone is under the influence is sudden weight loss or weight gain. You can also notice different sleep patterns, blood shot red eyes, unusual smells on their body or breath and impaired coordination. Students under drug use also show behavioral problems while under drug abuse. The behavioral problems are usually drop in attendance in school, need for extra financial assistance, sudden change in friends/hobbies and getting into trouble/fights. In college, students go through the many phases of pressure. Most people try to do things to feel cool and popular. The people that do try the drugs continue to do it and just get used to the feeling of the drug in their body. Others students try drugs because they are stressed and overwhelmed and they don’t they know any other way to cope but then to get high. Man campuses offer a free counselor that they can talk to help them with their problems. Most college campuses are â€Å"dry campus† and don’t allow alcohol or drugs on campus. When students are caught with these substances there are many different outcomes. Some schools automatically kick the student out and others give the student the opportunity to make it right. I’ve personally have gotten caught smoking marijuana on my college campus. The experience I had to go through wasnt the most pleasant experience. I don’t really have a reason as for why I was smoking marijuana. In my case I was lucky enough not to get kicked out of school and was given a second chance but being put on disciplinary probation. I now know the serious effects of drugs and what and addiction or drug abuse can do to me. Drug abuse affects a lot of college students for a long period of time and I wouldnt want that to happen to me because I know I do have a bright future. My mother didnt send me to college to get caught up in the college life she sent me to school for one reason and that is to get a proper education and make something out of my life. In conclusion, after typing this essay I know that the path of drug abuse is not the path I want to go down. Getting all the facts together and understand what really happens I know that I can’t continue the use of marijuana. I also know that if I feel like that I’m over whelmed and stress there is a school counselor that is more than willing to talk to me and hear what I’m going through and help me make the best decisions for my life.

Post Modern World

Introduction Postmodernism is the word used by sociologists and other scholars to refer to a the intelligence that has developed in the western world. It is a perception that incorporates a varied range of ideas, practices and critical methods that can be regarded as â€Å"postmodern†. Postmodernism is the historical period which is seen to follow modernism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Post Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Modernity is the development accompanied by a counter practice which is idealistic rather than materialist, and treats the world, including nature, realistically rather than in the materialistic way. Modernization is understanding of the technological dominant of the world. This reflects the current globalization and the technological revolution taking place. Postmodernism is the tradition apparent in displeasure to modernism’s usual custom of beliefs, developing a different method for people trying to find themselves in the world (Barrow Robin, 1994). What is unique about the postmodern world view in regards to education? Postmodernism is the theory which states that the truth does not exist. Postmodernism asserts that the truth is defined by individual culture and that the truth is relative, not universal. If the truth is defined by culture, then it is not absolute truth because of the changing cultural diversity and faith worldwide. The truth is universal and is not relative truth. The postmodernism is based primarily on the theory of Darwin’s evolution. Postmodernism education is based on the notion that what people believe to be learning, consists of ways of looking at the world by people. Awareness, thoughts and language made by people, are useful to people’s wellbeing not because they are true (Barrow Robin, 1994). The focus of the classroom in postmodern education consists in the fact that there has occurred a shift f rom the teacher centered learning being common and widely spread in the system of education, to student centered learning. In postmodernism education students learn and interact in a social setting. Why is postmodernism sometimes claimed to be the negative philosophy? Human nature does not offer any new clue to understanding the world and do not play any role of forming alternative foundation of knowledge. Americas have been the victim of an intellectual and educational oppression that characterizes the culture.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The philosophy is negative because if we cannot make judgments as to what is true, then, consequently, it is difficult to improve humanity. Truth cannot be strange (Burbules Nicholas, 2000). What might postmodern offer to the educational theory? According to postmodern thinking, the purpose of education shifts from teaching theoretical understand ing and skills to providing education atmosphere where students construct their own knowledge. A teacher is simply the guide; students get their knowledge on their own. In other words, eacher guides the student â€Å"on the side† (Burbules Nicholas, 2000). The principal of â€Å"guide on the side† which emphasizes a group project and individual thought, is the additional setting of postmodernism. Postmodernism has an enormous impact in the field of mathematics. Postmodernism is used to designate new practice of art. The validity of people may be attributed to the objective by a â€Å"specific† appeal of the people (Burbules Nicholas, 2000). Conclusion Living in a discourse of contingency and flexibility we can respect the complicated and deep lives of people we work together with. Postmodernism provides opportunities for Christians to discuss issues amenably to other societies (Burbules Nicholas, 2000). References Burbules Nicholas C. (2000). Philosophy of E ducation: In Routledge International Companion to Education, New York: Routledge. Barrow Robin. (1994). Philosophy of Education, Analytic Tradition: In The International Encyclopedia of Education, 2nd edition, Oxford: Pergamon Press. This essay on Post Modern World was written and submitted by user The198 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.